Porcine Intestinal Cells Treated with Ochratoxin A

The porcine intestinal cells (IPEC-J2) were cultured in media that contained 90% Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (PS) and incubated in incubators with 5% CO₂ and 37 °C. Ochratoxin A (OTA; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and MyD88 inhibitor (TJ-M2010-5, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and each solution was diluted in media before treated cells. The OTA treatment protocol was the same as in our previous study, with 4 μM OTA for 48 h [27 (link)].