E. coli (JM109 strain, B528410-0001; Sanger Biotech) was grown as previously described [38 (link)]. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was obtained from E. coli O111:B4 (L3024; Sigma). dHL-60 cells were infected with E. coli (1 × 106 CFUs), stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml), or treated with recombinant human G-CSF (100 ng/ml; R&D) for the indicated times.
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