Total RNA was treated with DNase I (Invitrogen), and then reverse-transcribed using random hexamers at 37°C with the M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Promega, Madison, USA). Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed using SYBR Green (GeneCopoeia, USA) in a Real-time PCR machine (QuantStudio 6 Flex System, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Primers for qRT-PCR are synthesized based on the publication 22 (link), except N-cadherin forward primer (5' CCACCTACAAAGGCAGAAGAGA 3'). GAPDH was used as a reference and amplified with following primer pairs: 5'GAAGGTGAAGGTCGGAGTC 3' and 5' GAAGATGGTGATGGGATTTC 3'. The relative levels of gene expression were calculated as ΔCt = Ct(gene) - Ct(reference). The 2-ΔΔCt method was used to calculate the fold-change of gene expression.