Western blot analysis was performed using standard procedures. Antibodies against MAVS (1:1000, Santa Cruz), IRF3, pho-IRF3 (1:1000, Abcam), NLRC3, NLRX1 (1:2000, Ting Lab (17 (link))), TRAF3 (1:200, Santa Cruz), TRAF6, Stat1 (1:500, Santa Cruz), PCBP2 and ARCH5 (1:500, Abcam), gC1qR (1:1000, Santa Cruz), β-actin (1:200,000, Abcam) were used.