The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients: patients of any sex, age, race or nationality who had undergone robot-assisted laparoscopy and OH. (2) Intervention measures: The experimental group received RAH, and the control group received OH. (3) Outcomes: At least one of the following outcomes is reported: operative time, blood loss, blood transfusion, resection margins, hospital stay, postoperative complications, and recurrence rate. (4) Study design: randomized controlled trial, retrospective cohort study or comparative studies. (5) No language limitations.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies with no major outcome indicators in the literature; (2) case reports, abstracts, conference reports or experiments; and (3) studies whose samples had undergone surgery of other organs.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies with no major outcome indicators in the literature; (2) case reports, abstracts, conference reports or experiments; and (3) studies whose samples had undergone surgery of other organs.
