This study enrolled participants from July 2021 to November 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University. The recruited participants consisted of 10 individuals diagnosed with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 10 individuals with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), 10 individuals with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and 20 healthy control (HC) individuals, all matched for age and gender. The diagnosis of CLD was established based on the criteria outlined in the guidelines published by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD).13–16 (link) The blood samples were collected and processed in strict accordance with standard operating procedures for serum collection.17 (link)Routine blood testing conducted using the Siemens ADVIA 2120i Hematology Analyzer. Routine biochemistry was assayed using automated biochemical technique (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), while coagulation function was measured using a fully automatic blood coagulation analyzer (CS5100, Sysmex Corp, Japan).
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