Cells were plated in triplicate in 24 well plates at 5-20 thousand cells per well in 2 mL RPMI base media under the conditions described in each experiment (i.e. varying glucose concentration or phenformin treatment). After four days, the entire contents of the well was resuspended and counted (suspension cells) or trypsinized, resuspended and counted (adherent cells) using a Beckman Z2 Coulter Counter with a size selection setting of 8-30 um. The increase in cell number compared to the initially plated sample was calculated and all values were normalized to their control in 10mM glucose unless otherwise indicated.