β-Lactamase assays, using nitrocefin as substrate, were performed with cells in exponential growth phase as described13 (link), using a Thermomax (Molecular Devices) microtiter plate reader. β-Lactamase activities were recorded as initial slopes divided by cell density (maximum velocity (Vmax))/OD650nm.
dUTPase activity was assayed using His6–dUTPase proteins purified after expression in E. coli. Enzyme assays were performed using the EnzCheck Pyrophosphate Assay Kit (Molecular Probes), as previously reported14 (link).