DBS was performed with a digital stimulator (DS8000; World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) and stimulus isolator (DLS100; World Precision Instruments), using biphasic square pulses with 60 µs pulse width, 200 µs zero time and 130 Hz frequency. Stimulation intensities varied across experiments between 0 (=sham stimulation), 35, 75 and 100 µA. These stimulation parameters are comparable to previously reported work on DBS in rats (Guo et al., 2013 (link); Knapp et al., 2009 ; Levy et al., 2007 (link); Rouaud et al., 2010 (link); Tan et al., 2010 (link); Vassoler et al., 2008 (link)). Stimulation was always applied in the operant cage, started 5 min before actual testing and lasted for the duration of the entire session.