Uninfected and A. phagocytophilum NCH-1 strain infected human promyelocytic HL-60 cells (ATCC CCL-240; American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]) were cultured as previously described (30 (link)). Uninfected and infected RF/6A Macaca mulatta choroidal endothelial cells (CRL-1780; ATCC) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with l-glutamine, 4.5 g d-glucose and 100 mg sodium pyruvate (Gibco) supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gemini Bioproducts), 1X minimal essential medium containing non-essential amino acids (Gibco) and 15 mM HEPES (Gibco) in a humidified incubator at 37°C with 5% atmospheric CO2.
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