WC was measured at the narrowest point between the lower borders of the rib cage and the iliac crest at the end of normal expiration. WHtR was calculated by dividing WC (cm) by height (cm), and the WHtR cutoff of 0.5 was used, as it was previously suggested as a universal WHtR cutoff.12 (link) Central obesity was defined by WC ≥90th percentile using Korean waist reference data for those of <16 years of age.15 For those ≥16 years of age, a WC of ≥90 cm in boys and of ≥85 cm in girls was used to define central obesity, according to the Korean-specific WC cutoff points.16 (link)
Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥85 mm Hg. Hyperglycemia was defined by fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL, and hypertriglyceridemia was defined by fasting triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dL. Decreased HDL-C was defined as an HDL-C level of <40 mg/dL for all boys and girls of <16 years of age and of <50 mg/dL in girls of ≥16 years of age.14 (link) The presence of two or more CMRFs among hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and decreased HDL-C was classified as multiple CMRFs.
Metabolic syndrome was defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for children and adolescents.14 (link) A WC of at least the 90th percentile using Korean waist reference data15 was a mandatory criterion for metabolic syndrome. For those of at least 16 years, a WC of ≥90 cm in boys or of ≥85 cm in girls was used to define central obesity.16 (link) Two or more of the following components were also required: a fasting triglyceride level of 150 mg/dL, a fasting glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or specific treatment, SBP of 130 mm Hg or DBP of 85 mm Hg, or an HDL-C level of <40 mg/dL for both boys and girls of <16 years or of <50 mg/dL in girls of ≥16 years.
Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥85 mm Hg. Hyperglycemia was defined by fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL, and hypertriglyceridemia was defined by fasting triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dL. Decreased HDL-C was defined as an HDL-C level of <40 mg/dL for all boys and girls of <16 years of age and of <50 mg/dL in girls of ≥16 years of age.14 (link) The presence of two or more CMRFs among hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and decreased HDL-C was classified as multiple CMRFs.
Metabolic syndrome was defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for children and adolescents.14 (link) A WC of at least the 90th percentile using Korean waist reference data15 was a mandatory criterion for metabolic syndrome. For those of at least 16 years, a WC of ≥90 cm in boys or of ≥85 cm in girls was used to define central obesity.16 (link) Two or more of the following components were also required: a fasting triglyceride level of 150 mg/dL, a fasting glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or specific treatment, SBP of 130 mm Hg or DBP of 85 mm Hg, or an HDL-C level of <40 mg/dL for both boys and girls of <16 years or of <50 mg/dL in girls of ≥16 years.
