Tris (Dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Tris DBA) was prepared by Dr Arbiser as previously described [25 (link)]. Propidium iodide (PI), RNAase and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) solutions were from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO), total protein concentration was assessed by Quick Start™ Bradford dye reagent (BioRad, Hercules, CA), mAbs for Western blotting from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA), and Annexin/PI assay from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer 10 × was obtained from BioLegend (San Diego, CA). Drugs including bortezomib and carfilzomib were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX).