Efficacy of SMIs against Bitis venoms

Three SMIs were included to determine their efficacy against the included Bitis venoms. Varespladib (varespladib:Na) was provided by Ophirex, Inc. (Corte Madera, CA, USA). Two metalloprotease inhibitors were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA): (1) prinomastat hydrochloride ((S)-2,2-Dimethyl-4-((p-(4-pyridyloxy)phenyl) sulfonyl) -3-thio- from Sigma-Aldrich (catalogue# PZ0198) and (2) marimastat (2S,3R)-morpholinecarbohydroxamic acid hydrochloride) >95% (HPLC) N4-[(1S)-2,2-Dimethyl-1-[(methylamino)carbonyl]propyl]-N1,2-dihydroxy-3-(2-methylpropyl) butanediamide (catalogue #M2699). All inhibitors arrived in powdered form, were dissolved in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and further diluted using deionized water to form main stocks of 10 mM concentration. Inhibitor preparation and concentration were chosen based upon previous literature, including that of Chowdhury et al. (2021) [25 (link)].