Pharmacological Modulation of Cellular Dynamics

The following pharmacological inhibitors were used: 25 µM myosin-II inhibitor blebbistatin (Toronto Research Chemicals), 10 µM ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (EMD), 1 µg/mL Rho inhibitor I (cell permeable C3 Transferase from Clostridium botulinum) (Cytoskeleton), 50 µM Cdc42 inhibitor ML 141 (Tocris Bioscience), 50 µM Rac1 inhibitor NSC 23766 (Tocris Bioscience), 0.5 µg/mL microtubule-depolymerizing drug colcemid (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.5 µM actin-stabilizing toxin jasplakinolide (Sigma-Aldrich), 5 µM actin-disrupting drug latrunculin B (Calbiochem) in combination with 8 µM jasplakinolide (a part of the JLY mixture^{21 (link)}), 25 µM Arp2/3 inhibitors and nonspecific compounds CK-666, -869, and CK-689, -312 (Calbiochem), 35 µM formin FH2 domain inhibitor SMIFH2 (Calbiochem), 5 µg/mL vesicular transport inhibitor brefeldin A (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.5 µM pan-class I PI3K inhibitor BKM120 (Cellagen Technology), 10 µM PTEN inhibitor SF1670 (Cellagen Technology), and 25 µg/ml phosphopeptide activator of PI3K, PDGFR⁷⁴⁰Y-P (Tocris Bioscience). Growth medium was supplemented with 1% DMSO (vol/vol) (Sigma-Aldrich) in control experiments.