For living-cell analysis and time-lapse microscopy, cells were transferred onto a PYE 1% agarose pad with supplementation as required. Otherwise, cells were fixed with 1% formaldehyde and mounted onto 1% agarose pads. Phase-contrast and fluorescence images were taken using a Ti eclipse inverted research microscope (Nikon) with a 100×/1.45 numerical aperture (NA) objective (Nikon). Fiji (ImageJ) was used for image processing. Cells were classified as filamentous if they were more than twice the average length of exponentially growing C. crescentus cells.
Cells were measured using MicrobeJ 5.13l (15) beta (50 (link)). Cells were detected using the “Default” setting for thresholding and the “Filament” setting for detection of bacteria. Cell detection was manually corrected where necessary. To determine the cell width, the median width for each cell was used.
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