Dual luciferase transcriptional activity assays were performed as previously described (Guan et al., 2014 (link)). Fragments corresponding to 1,600 bp upstream of the TSS of TaGlu-1Bx, TaGlu-1By, TaGlu-1Dx, TaGlu-1Dy, TaSuSy1, and TaSSIIa were PCR-amplified from CS genomic DNA and cloned into the pGreenII 0800-LUC vector as reporter plasmids (Hellens et al., 2005 (link)). The ORFs of TaNAC019 and TaGAMyb were cloned into the pHB vector as effectors. Young leaves of 4-week-old N. benthamiana plants were co-infiltrated with Agrobacterium (strain GV3101) harboring different combinations of these plasmids. Firefly luciferase activity derived from the TaGlu-1Bx (TaGlu-1Bxpro:LUC), TaGlu-1Dy (TaGlu-1Dypro:LUC), TaGlu-1By (TaGlu-1Bypro:LUC), TaGlu-1Dx (TaGlu-1Dxpro:LUC), TaSuSy1 (TaSuSy1pro:LUC), or TaSSIIa (TaSSIIapro:LUC) promoters and Renilla luciferase under the control of the 35S promoter (35Spro:REN) were quantified using the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay system (Promega) with a Synergy 2 Multi-Detection Microplate Reader (BioTek Instruments). Normalized data are presented as the ratio of luminescent signal intensity for reporter versus internal control reporter (35Spro:REN) from three independent biological samples.