Genome-wide DNA methylation was measured using the HumanMethylation450K (HM450K) BeadChip array (Illumina). For each sample, a total of 300–500 ng of tumour DNA was bisulfite-converted using Zymo Gold EZ-DNA kit (Irvine, CA) and restored using the DNA Restoration Kit as per the manufacturer’s instructions (Illumina, CA, United States). Sample DNA quantity was assessed using an in-house modified quality control protocol [80 (link)]. Samples that passed the final quality check were run on the HM450K array (Illumina) according to manufacturer’s instructions.
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