The 18 mice were divided randomly into three groups (n=6 per group), namely, the control (Con), CaOx stone, and CaOx stone + Fer-1 group (CaOx + Fer-1). The CaOx stone model in the kidneys of mice was established with intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg glyoxylic acid (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) for 14 days (15 (link)); 5 mg/kg Fer-1 (inhibitor of ferroptosis; MedChemExpress) was injected once daily for 3 consecutive days before glyoxylic acid treatment and seventh after modeling (16 (link)). Mice in the control group received an intraperitoneal injection of saline solution. The experimental mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) for renal tissue and blood sampling. The blood was centrifuged (4,000 × g) for 15 min at 4°C to obtain the serum, and the kidneys were harvested and then stored at −80°C or fixed in paraformaldehyde solution. All animals were sacrificed with pentobarbital (100 mg/kg) after surgery.