A stabilized femur fracture model was used as previously described.15 (link) Eight-week-old male mice were anesthetized and an intramedullary pin (25-gauge needle) inserted into the femoral shaft retrograde and a midshaft femur fracture created by manual three point bending. Faxitron imaging was used to confirm correct pin and fracture placement and animals with incorrect pin placement or incorrect fracture (incomplete, comminuted, or metaphyseal location) were euthanized and not used in subsequent analysis. Local injection at the fracture site with 20 µL of DFO (200 µM), DMOG (500 µM) or saline was performed every other day for five doses. Vascularity and callus was assessed at 14 days and bone healing at 28 days postfracture.