The electrical measurement was carried out at room temperature using a commercial AFM microscope (Dimension 3000, Bruker, Camarillo, CA, USA). The electrical signals to the AFM were customized, using a break box, for device initialization and subsequent data acquisition. Non-invasive measurements were achieved with a contact force of 1.2 nN. The tip quality was also checked before and after measurements, to ensure that the tip apex suffered no degradation during prolonged measurements. The details of the measurements are described elsewhere [18 (link)].
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