Total serum and allergen-specific serum IgE levels were examined based on a previous study.15 (link) Total serum IgE level was measured by ImmunoCAP (Phadia), and specific IgE levels to food (egg protein, milk, peanut, soybean, wheat, buckwheat, cashew nut, pistachio nuts, filbert, beef, mutton, shrimp, crab, peach, apple, mango, and strawberry) and inhalant (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae) allergens were determined using a commercial assay for IgE (ImmunoCAP Phadiatop Infant; Phadia). Serum cytokine IL-4 level was measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions.