To develop EP-based MBG3 models, in utero EP was performed.37 (link) Only the animals showing luciferase signal by P7 were selected for further analysis. Tumor growth was measured every 1–2 week by bioluminescence imaging of luciferase activity using a Xenogen IVIS system (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA).41 (link) Orthotopic MBG3 mouse models were generated by cranial implants of purified GNPs from [Trp53−/−; Cdkn2c−/−], [Trp53Fl/-; Atoh1-CreER], [Trp53Fl/-; Prom1-CreER] and [Trp53Fl/-] P6–7 pups, infected with retroviruses carrying Myc and red fluorescent protein according to the previous study.16 (link) No specific randomization or blinding was performed. Tumor cell purification and genomic DNA and total RNA extraction for genotyping and Affymetrix microarray analysis were described previously.16 (link) For detection of non-recombined and recombined alleles of Trp53 in Atoh1ER-MYC and Prom1ER-MYC MBs, 1F/1R (370 bp) and 1F/10R (612 bp) primer sets were used, respectively.42 (link) For internal control, endogenous Prom1 (563 bp)43 (link) and Ptch1 (220 bp)17 (link) were detected. Comparison of survival curves was performed by calculation of two-tailed P-value using the GraphPad Prism software (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA).