Cells were grown in 6-well plates, fixed with 0.5% glutaraldehyde (w/v) (Sigma) in PBS for 10-15 min, washed with 1mM MgCl2/PBS (pH 6.0) and then incubated with X-Gal staining solution (1 mg/ml X-Gal, Thermo Scientific, 5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] and 5 mM K4[Fe(CN)6] for 8 hr at 37°C. Brightfield images of cells were taken using the DP20 digital camera attached to the Olympus CKX41 inverted light microscope. The percentage of SA-β-Gal positive cells was estimated by counting at least 100 cells per replicate sample facilitated by the “point picker” tool of ImageJ software (NIH) 44 (link).