mRNA was extracted from mouse heart tissues and qPCR was performed as described previously49 (link)54 (link). Protein extraction and subcellular fractions were performed as described previously49 (link)54 (link). Targeted proteins including VCP, eNOS and iNOS were detected by western blotting as previously described15 (link)18 (link). The primary antibodies used for western blotting were anti-VCP (catalog no. 2648S, rabbit, dilution of 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-iNOS (catalog no. ab136918, rabbit, dilution of 1:1000, Abcam), and anti-eNOS (catalog no. Sc-654, rabbit, dilution of 1:1000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Anti-GAPDH (Catalog no. ab9484, mouse, dilution of 1:10,000, Abcam) and anti- voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1(VDAC) (Catalog no. 4866, rabbit, dilution of 1:5,000, Cell Signaling Technology) were used as loading controls.
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