UM cells were seeded at 2.5 × 105 cells per well of a 6-well plate and left to adhere for 24 h. Cells were treated with DMSO or 20 μM of test compound for 1,2,5,8, or 24 h. Total protein was extracted from cells as described (18 (link)). PVDF membranes (MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA) were probed with primary antibodies (ERK: Santa Cruz [sc-514302], 1:1,000, phospho-ERK: Santa Cruz [sc-7383] 1:1,000, MITF: Proteintech [13092-1-AP] 1:1,000, Bcl-2: Proteintech [12789-1-AP] 1:1,000, COX-2: Proteintech [12375-1-AP] 1:500, Calpain-2: Abcam [ab39165] 1:1,000, β-actin: Santa Cruz [sc-47778], α-Tubulin: Santa Cruz, 1:1,000). Secondary antibodies were anti-mouse IgG HRP-linked (Cell Signaling [7076S] 1:1,000), or anti-rabbit IgG HRP-linked (Cell Signaling [7074S] 1:1,000). Signal was detected using enhanced chemiluminescence as per the manufacturer’s instructions (Pierce™ ECL Western Blotting Substrate, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA).
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