Stir-frying Vegetables using Instant Pot

The same instant pot (Instant Pot Duo Mini 3 Qt; model number: IPDUOMINI 3 Qt) was used for the stir-frying operations using its in-built sauté function according to the method described by Nugrahedi et al. [17 (link)], with minor modifications. The vegetable-to-oil ratio of 10:1 was used for the stir-frying operations using canola oil (complements brand, Winnipeg, Manitoba). The stir-frying operation was conducted at 250 °C for 5 min. The vegetables were cut into pieces measuring 2 cm × 2 cm in size after the stir-frying, and they were freeze-dried as per the method described in Section 2.3.1 (Figure 1).