Total cellular DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and 200 ng of extracted DNA was subjected to plasmid-safe digestion (Epicenter, WI, USA) in a total reaction volume of 20 μl. The extraction procedure, with DNA from HBV transgenic mice as control for elimination of non-cccDNA, has been described previously7 (link), 24 (link). Digestions were carried out for 16 hours at 37 °C and the enzyme was inactivated following incubation at 70 °C for 30 min. Five microliters of treated DNA was amplified using FastStart Universal SYBR Master (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) with S primers (Supp. Table 4) and HBV DNA quantified as described earlier.
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