The biopsied mucosal samples were transferred to Majorbio (Shanghai, China) where the total DNA was extracted, amplified and sequenced according to their standardized protocol19 (link). The V3- >V1 region of the 16S ribosomal subunit gene was amplified using 27F/533R barcoded primers and sequenced using a Roche Genome Sequencer FLX+). The sequencing results were archived in the Short Reads Archive (PRJNA285379).
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