Targeted Metabolomics of Serum Samples

The targeted metabolomics of serum samples collected from all participants within 24 to 48 hours after diagnosis was performed using Biocrates MxP^® Quant 500 Kit (Biocrates, Innsbruck, Austria). Tandem mass spectrometry was performed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine. We analyzed 630 metabolites as part of the MetIDQ™ MetaboINDICATOR™ module designed for MxP^® Quant 500 kit. Lipid quantification was performed using Flow Injection Analysis Tandem Mass Spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS), and small molecule quantification was done using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the 5500 QTRAP^® instrument triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (AB Sciex, Darmstadt, Germany) as previously described (32 (link), 33 (link)).