For growth factor removal, mixed strain (129 × BL6) of wild-type newborn mouse skin was used as described to derive primary keratinocytes, which were expanded and used for experiments (between passages 4–6)47 (link). Cells were first grown to confluency. Then, cells were washed once with PBS and added serum-free media containing either recombinant BMP4 (R&D Systems) between 1 and 2 nM or its carrier (4 mM HCl in 0.1%BSA) only. Cells incubated for 6 and 12 h were harvested for RNA extractions.
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