RNA-seq was performed on 5 HIV-seronegative and 10 HIV-infected subjects. Library construction and sequencing were performed by the Genomics and Microarray Core Facility at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus as previously described (38 (link)). RNA quality and integrity was first assessed using an Agilent TapeStation 2200. The library was constructed using the Illumina TruSeq mRNA library construction kit. Single-end sequencing was performed using an Illumina HiSeq 4000 for 125 cycles. RNA-seq data have been deposited in the Sequence Read Archive database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/496501). Sequencing data were processed using the Illumina BaseSpace online platform and assessed using FASTQC. The FASTQ Toolkit tool was used to filter, adaptor trim, and quality trim reads. Alignment to the hg19 reference genome was performed using the TopHat Alignment tool, with assembly and differential expression analysis performed using the Cufflinks Assembly & Differential Expression tool.