Proteins (15 μg) were separated by electrophoresis on denaturing 12.5% polyacrylamide slab gels (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to PVDF membrane (IPVH00010, Immobilon P, Millipore, MA, USA), as previously described (19 (link)). Samples on the membrane were visualized by staining with Ponceau Red (Sigma-Aldrich) for 5 min. Membranes were immune-stained with rabbit polyclonal anti-H1° antibodies (1:500, sc-67324 Santa Cruz), mouse monoclonal anti-Hsc70 antibodies (1:1,000, sc-7298, Santa Cruz), rabbit polyclonal anti-SUMO1 (1:500, S373B, Santa Cruz). The secondary antibodies were AP-conjugated anti-mouse (1:7,500, S372B) and anti-rabbit (1:7,500, S373B) IgGs (Promega Corp., Madison, WI, USA).