Characterizing Essential Oil Nanovesicles

Average hydrodynamic diameter (nm), polydispersity index (PdI) and ζ-potential (mV) of the developed nanovesicles were measured by Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering, DLS/ELS (Zetasizer Nanoseries ZS90) by Malvern instrument (Worcestershire, UK), at 25 °C, with a scattering angle of 90 °C [38 (link),39 (link)]. Glycerosomes and PG-nanovesicles loaded with the essential oils were diluted with ultrapure water before measurements, in order to achieve a suitable scattering intensity. Successively, the two systems loaded with OOEO plus STEO were observed by transmission electron microscope, TEM (CM12 TEM, PHILIPS, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) equipped with an OLYMPUS Megaview G2 camera, with an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. A drop of sample, 5-folds diluted in water, was applied and dried by desiccation on a carbon film copper grid and it was counterstained with 1% w/v of phosphotungstic acid solution for 3 min [40 (link)]. Then, the sample was examined at different amplifications.

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Vanti G., Tomou E.M., Stojković D., Ćirić A., Bilia A.R, & Skaltsa H. (2021). Nanovesicles Loaded with Origanum onites and Satureja thymbra Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms. Molecules, 26(8), 2124.

Publication 2021

CM12 TEM Megaview G2

Carbon Copper Desiccation Electrophoretic Essential oils Hydrodynamic Light Phosphotungstic acid Transmission electron microscope

Corresponding Organization : National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Other organizations : University of Florence, University of Belgrade

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Glycerosomes and PG-nanovesicles loaded with the essential oils

dependent variables

Average hydrodynamic diameter (nm)
Polydispersity index (PdI)
Zeta-potential (mV)
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations

control variables

Measurement temperature (25 °C)
Scattering angle (90 °C)
Instrument (Zetasizer Nanoseries ZS90 by Malvern)
Dilution of samples with ultrapure water
Desiccation and staining of samples for TEM observations

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