Equal numbers of cells were plated in triplicate in 96-well plates and cellular proliferation was assessed using Alamar Blue proliferation assay as per the manufacturer’s instructions (Invitrogen) or 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) cell proliferation assay as per the manufacturer’s instructions (BioVision) as described previously (17 (link)). Trypan blue exclusion assay was performed by directly counting cells plated in triplicate using the Beckman Coulter Vi-CELL (12-Sample Carousel) Cell Viability Analyzer (Beckman Coulter) as described previously (17 (link)). For drug sensitivity assays, 5,000 cells were seeded in 96-well plates and 24 hours later the cells were treated with increasing concentrations of drugs and Alamar Blue assay was performed.