A total of 104 isolates of E. coli obtained from patients hospitalized at Imam Reza hospital, an 800-bed training hospital in Tabriz city (in period of June to September 2021) were studied. The clinical samples from which bacterial strains were isolated included urine, wound, blood and tracheal aspirates. Bacterial isolates were identified to species level using conventional biochemical methods including IMViC tests (indole test, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer reaction, citrate utilization test), urease test, motility, ONPG (O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside), reactions observed on Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar (H2S and gas production, carbohydrate utilization pattern) [32 ].
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