Plasma samples were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to elucidate metabolomic profiles. Metabolite extraction process, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometric detection conditions for each platform follow the procedure described by Barr et al.21 (link) Quality control procedures were used to ensure high-quality data for analyses. This study used 3 UHPLC-MS platforms to cover a wide range of metabolites in the plasma sample—broadly characterized into (1) fatty acids, bile acids, steroids, and lysoglycerophospholipids; (2) glycolipids, glycerophospholipids, sterol lipids, and sphingolipids; and (3) amino acids (AAs).
Data were preprocessed using the TargetLynx application manager for MassLynx 4.1 software (Waters Corp., Milford, MA).14 (link) Intrabatch and interbatch normalization was performed by inclusion of multiple internal standards and pool calibration response correction, following the procedure described by Martinez-Arranz et al.22 (link)