After CoCl2 application or 14-3-3β siRNA transfection, GSC cell apoptosis rate was evaluated by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining (BD Biosciences) for 15 min at RT (25°C) in the dark and flow cytometry analysis (BD, FACSuite Research Assay Software). Bax/Bcl-2 assessment is a way of assessing cell apoptosis [46 (link), 47 (link)]. Thus, Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression and mRNA levels were also detected by western blotting or qPCR following 14-3-3β siRNA transfection combined with CoCl2 treatment (anti-Bax and anti-Bcl-2, 1 : 1,000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.). In addition, caspase-3 activity was measured to determine GSC cell apoptosis after above treatments by using a kit (Promega, Inc.) according to the manufacturer's instructions [48 (link)].
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