Peripheral venous blood samples were collected into heparin-containing tubes, and PBMCs were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-Paque Plus solution (Amersham Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden). MAIT, NK, and NKT cells were identified phenotypically as CD3+TCRγδVα7.2+CD161high cells, CD3CD56+ cells, and CD3+TCRVα24-Jα18+ cells, respectively, by flow cytometry as previously described (27 (link)28 (link)29 (link)).