Glucose uptake and lactate production were measured with Glucose Assay Kit II and Lactate Assay Kit II (Biovision) according to manufacturer's instructions. Aliquots of the medium were removed from cell culture and Glucose uptake and lactate production was determined by the concentration difference between samples and blank medium control. Cellular ATP and NADH contents were measured using the ATP Colorimetric Assay Kit and NADH Quantitation Kit (Biovision) respectively as described before [9 (link)].
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