All animal procedures for these experiments were approved by NIAMS Animal Care and Use Committee. Sample size was chosen based on our previous work with other inhibitors of NET formation performed in animal models12 (link), 13 . Lupus-prone female MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/J mice (stock #000485, n= 10 / group) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratories. At 11 weeks of age, Alzet osmotic pumps (Alzet model 2006, Cupertino, CA), filled with MitoTEMPO (Sigma; daily dosage of 1.5 mg/kg in saline, half of the mice selected by cage) or with vehicle (half of the mice selected by cage) were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal area of mice. Assessments were performed in a non-blinded manner and randomization to treatment versus vehicle was based on cage. After 7 weeks, mice were euthanized (18 weeks of age). Retro-orbital bleedings and urine collection were performed when mice were 10, 15, 17 and 18 weeks of age.