The effect of violet light-filtering and manufacturing improvements of ZXR00V versus ZXR00 on preclinical assessment of dysphotopsias was determined by in vitro measurements and computer simulation models of light scatter.
The straylight parameter15 (link) was calculated by in vitro assessment of halos using a model eye with realistic eye dimensions with a 4-mm aperture, a cornea exhibiting the average spherical and chromatic aberration, a CCD detector and a fiber with 2 mm diameter powered by a xenon car headlight placed approximately 2.8 m on-axis in front of the model eye.16 (link) This setup is able to discriminate performance of monofocal, multifocal and extended range of vision IOL lenses as shown by the intensity recordings in Figure 8 from Weeber et al16 (link) using a small extended light source. Halos were assessed by measuring the radial intensity profiles for the ZXR00V and ZXR00 IOLs. A total of 32 individual images tested at different shutter times were recorded for each IOL model, resulting in high-dynamic-range halo images with more than seven decades of intensity. Three of these images were recorded for each IOL, and the mean radial intensity profiles were averaged up to 1 degree and multiplied by the square of the field angle to obtain the straylight parameter. The total intensity across the full field of 1 degree was used as normalization and the area under the curve for the straylight parameter was used to compare the outcomes for ZXR00V versus ZXR00.
A computer simulation study using MATLAB software (MathWorks Inc., USA) was also performed, and radial intensity profiles were determined using the same theoretical corneal eye model used in the in vitro assessment.17 (link) The geometrical shape of the IOLs was modelled including the echelette profiles. Wavefront propagation calculation assured that the induced phase by the echelettes was included to calculate the radial intensity. The eye model is based on realistic eye dimensions and a uniform lighting source and the photopic sensitivity of the eye was used to calculate the straylight parameter for the ZXR00V and ZXR00 IOLs. Pupil sizes used for the study ranged from 3 to 5 mm, and angular size of the extended light source ranged from 0.7 to 2.40 arcminute. The straylight level of a healthy crystalline lens calculated from the standard glare observer15 (link),18 was used as a threshold level. The area between the simulated straylight parameter for the ZXR00V and ZXR00 IOLs and the threshold curve of the crystalline lens was used as basis for comparison.
The straylight parameter15 (link) was calculated by in vitro assessment of halos using a model eye with realistic eye dimensions with a 4-mm aperture, a cornea exhibiting the average spherical and chromatic aberration, a CCD detector and a fiber with 2 mm diameter powered by a xenon car headlight placed approximately 2.8 m on-axis in front of the model eye.16 (link) This setup is able to discriminate performance of monofocal, multifocal and extended range of vision IOL lenses as shown by the intensity recordings in Figure 8 from Weeber et al16 (link) using a small extended light source. Halos were assessed by measuring the radial intensity profiles for the ZXR00V and ZXR00 IOLs. A total of 32 individual images tested at different shutter times were recorded for each IOL model, resulting in high-dynamic-range halo images with more than seven decades of intensity. Three of these images were recorded for each IOL, and the mean radial intensity profiles were averaged up to 1 degree and multiplied by the square of the field angle to obtain the straylight parameter. The total intensity across the full field of 1 degree was used as normalization and the area under the curve for the straylight parameter was used to compare the outcomes for ZXR00V versus ZXR00.
A computer simulation study using MATLAB software (MathWorks Inc., USA) was also performed, and radial intensity profiles were determined using the same theoretical corneal eye model used in the in vitro assessment.17 (link) The geometrical shape of the IOLs was modelled including the echelette profiles. Wavefront propagation calculation assured that the induced phase by the echelettes was included to calculate the radial intensity. The eye model is based on realistic eye dimensions and a uniform lighting source and the photopic sensitivity of the eye was used to calculate the straylight parameter for the ZXR00V and ZXR00 IOLs. Pupil sizes used for the study ranged from 3 to 5 mm, and angular size of the extended light source ranged from 0.7 to 2.40 arcminute. The straylight level of a healthy crystalline lens calculated from the standard glare observer15 (link),18 was used as a threshold level. The area between the simulated straylight parameter for the ZXR00V and ZXR00 IOLs and the threshold curve of the crystalline lens was used as basis for comparison.
