Six organic materials were used as feedstocks for the production of biochar. These include (1) sewage sludge (SS), (2) olive mill pomace (OP), (3) feather meal (FM), (4) soft offal meal (CSM), (5) chicken manure (CM), and (6) date palm residues (DR). These materials were selected based on their local abundance and chemical composition. All six organic materials were converted into biochar at three pyrolysis temperatures—300, 500, and 700 °C. A sample of each feedstock was first homogenized and then placed in a tightly sealed stainless chamber to ensure oxygen-limited conditions. The feedstock was pyrolyzed in a muffle furnace at the desired temperature with a retention time of 3 h. The biochar produced was allowed to cool to room temperature, thoroughly mixed, ground manually to pass through a 1.0 mm sieve, and stored in glass jars in the lab until analysis. A total of 18 biochar products were obtained and evaluated in this study.
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