All conditions were group format and held at the agency sites. Participants who lapsed during the intervention could remain in their groups and received additional support as needed.
The TAU program was abstinence based, primarily process oriented, and based on the Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous 12-step program.57 ,58 Weekly groups (n = 95) included facilitated recovery-oriented discussions in an open-group format (eg, communication and stress management). The TAU groups met 1 to 2 times weekly for 1½ hours.
The MBRP intervention was composed of 8 weekly, 2-hour sessions with 6 to 10 participants (n = 103) and 2 therapists. Each session had a central theme, such as the role of “automatic pilot” in addiction, mindfulness in high-risk situations, and balancing acceptance and action. Specifically, the first 3 weeks established a foundational awareness of physical, emotional, and cognitive phenomena. Additional sessions focused on mindfulness practices in the presence of relapse triggers and recognizing the role of thoughts in the relapse process. Final sessions emphasized balanced lifestyle, self-care and compassion, and social support. All sessions included 20- to 30-minute guided meditations, experiential skills-based practices, and discussion of practical applications.44 Participants received handouts and audio-recorded mindfulness exercises for assigned homework and tracking sheets to monitor daily craving and mood.
The RP intervention45 ,59 (n = 88) matched MBRP in time, format, size, location, and scope of assigned homework. Primary objectives included assessment of high-risk situations, cognitive and behavioral coping skills, problem solving, goal setting, self-efficacy, and social support. Participants monitored daily craving and mood.
The TAU program was abstinence based, primarily process oriented, and based on the Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous 12-step program.57 ,58 Weekly groups (n = 95) included facilitated recovery-oriented discussions in an open-group format (eg, communication and stress management). The TAU groups met 1 to 2 times weekly for 1½ hours.
The MBRP intervention was composed of 8 weekly, 2-hour sessions with 6 to 10 participants (n = 103) and 2 therapists. Each session had a central theme, such as the role of “automatic pilot” in addiction, mindfulness in high-risk situations, and balancing acceptance and action. Specifically, the first 3 weeks established a foundational awareness of physical, emotional, and cognitive phenomena. Additional sessions focused on mindfulness practices in the presence of relapse triggers and recognizing the role of thoughts in the relapse process. Final sessions emphasized balanced lifestyle, self-care and compassion, and social support. All sessions included 20- to 30-minute guided meditations, experiential skills-based practices, and discussion of practical applications.44 Participants received handouts and audio-recorded mindfulness exercises for assigned homework and tracking sheets to monitor daily craving and mood.
The RP intervention45 ,59 (n = 88) matched MBRP in time, format, size, location, and scope of assigned homework. Primary objectives included assessment of high-risk situations, cognitive and behavioral coping skills, problem solving, goal setting, self-efficacy, and social support. Participants monitored daily craving and mood.
