Time-dated near-term (139–141-day gestation; term being 145 days) pregnant ewes (2 different breeds – Polypay and combination of Suffolk, Dorset, Katahdin) were procured from Maple Twig Farms (Meyersville, PA) and May Family Farms (Buffalo Mills, PA). Following an overnight fast, the ewe was medicated with intravenous diazepam and ketamine. The ewe was intubated with a 10.0-mm cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT), and general anesthesia was provided by 2–5% inhaled isoflurane. A cesarean section was performed. Fetal lambs were partially exteriorized and intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube to remove lung liquid by gravity and occluded to prevent gas exchange. Flow transducers (Transonic, Ithaca, NY, USA) were placed around the left carotid artery and the left pulmonary artery. Catheters were placed in the right carotid artery and right jugular vein for pressure monitoring and blood gas analysis. 21 (link) Pulse oximetry probe and electrocardiogram (ECG) leads were placed to monitor preductal oxygen saturation and heart rate, respectively.
Protocol detail
Fetal Lamb Intubation and Monitoring
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Blood gas analysis
Breeds
Buffalo
Carotid artery
Catheters
Cesarean section
Diazepam
Electrocardiogram
Fetal
General anesthesia
Gestation
Gravity
Heart rate
Isoflurane
Ketamine
Lambs
Lung
Maple
Oxygen saturation
Pulmonary artery
Pulse oximetry
Transducers
Vein pressure
Corresponding Organization : University at Buffalo, State University of New York
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Variable analysis
independent variables
- Breed of pregnant ewes (Polypay and combination of Suffolk, Dorset, Katahdin)
- Fetal lamb intubation with cuffed endotracheal tube
- Removal of lung liquid by gravity and occlusion to prevent gas exchange
- Flow transducer placement around left carotid artery and left pulmonary artery
- Catheter placement in right carotid artery and right jugular vein for pressure monitoring and blood gas analysis
- Pulse oximetry probe and electrocardiogram (ECG) leads placement to monitor preductal oxygen saturation and heart rate
- Time-dated near-term (139–141-day gestation; term being 145 days) pregnant ewes
- Intravenous diazepam and ketamine medication
- General anesthesia provided by 2–5% inhaled isoflurane
- Cesarean section procedure
- Positive control: Not specified
- Negative control: Not specified
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