All clinical and gene expression data were collected previously and are available from public databases. Gene expression data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA cohort, n = 513) was downloaded from the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser (Available online: https://genome-cancer.ucsc.edu/). The data from the Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (Leipzig cohort, GSE65858, n = 270) and AHEPA Hospital in Thessaloniki (Greece cohort, GSE27020, n = 109) were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) and used as the test sets [25 (link),26 (link)]. Gene expression data of the TCGA cohort were generated by Illumina HiSeq2000, the Leipzig cohort by Illumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 Expression Beadchip, and the Greece cohort by Affymetrix U133A Genechips. All gene expression data were standardized because of different platforms.
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