Sperm motility analysis was conducted as described previously (Miyata et al., 2021 (link)). Cauda epididymal spermatozoa were suspended and incubated in TYH medium, which can induce sperm capacitation (Toyoda and Yokoyama, 2016 (link)). Sperm motility was then measured using the CEROS II sperm analysis system (software version 1.5; Hamilton Thorne Biosciences). The motility of epididymal spermatozoa was recorded after 10 min and 2 h of incubation in TYH medium.
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