IL-1β (211-11B; PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) was dissolved in DKSFM to prepare stocks with a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Rosiglitazone (HY-17386; MedChemExpress, Monmouth, Junction, NJ, USA) was dissolved in DKSFM to prepare stocks with a concentration of 5 mM. HMGDCs were exposed to medium containing 50 ng/mL IL-1β, 50 ng/mL IL-1β + 50 µM Rosiglitazone, or DKSFM alone for a duration of 48 hours, when the cells reached approximately 60% confluency. These concentrations of pharmacologic reagents were selected based on previous studies conducted on mouse MG explants. The earlier investigations revealed that the treatment of mice MGs with 50 ng/mL IL-1β did not yield any noteworthy impact on cell activity, while a noticeable keratinizing effect was observed.8 ,9 (link)