CMT167 cells (12 (link)) were stably transfected with firefly luciferase as previously described (11 (link)). Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells (LL/2) were purchased from ATCC and luciferase-expressing Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells (LLC) were purchased from Caliper Life Sciences (LL/2-luc-M38). All cell lines were periodically tested for mycoplasma infection and were last retested in February 2017. To avoid cross-contamination and phenotypic changes, cells were maintained as frozen stocks and cultured for only two to four weeks before use in experiments. Authentication of cell lines based on morphology, growth curve analysis, and metastatic phenotype was performed regularly, and no phenotypic changes were observed through the duration of the study.