Cells were seeded in 6-well plates 24 h prior to any treatment with the following compounds: bafilomycin A1 (BAF.A1, LC Laboratories, Woburn, MA, USA, R-5000, B-1080, 100 nM) [18 (link)]; rapamycin (RAPA, Fisher, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, BP2963.1, 1 µΜ) [19 (link)], Hegf (E9644, 100 ng/Ml), pepstatin A (P5318, 50–100 µM), DMSO as a vehicle (dilution factor 1:1000), all from Sigma-Aldrich; and leupeptin (Enzo, ALX-260–009, Farmingdale, NY, USA, 50–100 µM).
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