Formulation and Preparation of Cu-MBGN Glass-Reinforced Dental Resin Composites

Cu-MBGN glass particles were prepared as mentioned previously in Zheng et al. [31 (link)]. The dental resin matrix was prepared by mixing Bisphenol A–glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) in a 60/40 ratio and made photoactive by adding 0.2 wt% camphorquinone and 0.8 wt% ethyl-4-dimethylamino benzoate (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The resin was mixed with fillers to obtain eight experimental resin composites, the detailed composition of which is described in Table 1, while the composition of the fillers, as provided by the manufacturers, is listed in Table 2. The resin was preheated to 100 °C and fillers were gradually added under the orange illumination. Resin and fillers were mixed with an asymmetric centrifugal mixer (Speed Mixer 150 FVZ, Hauschild & Co. KG, Hamm, Germany) at 27,000 rpm for 5 min to obtain the composite materials.